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MTX (N = 361)
|
TNFi (N = 254)
|
Metformin (N = 2144)
|
SMD TNF vs MTX
|
SMD Met vs MTX
|
|---|
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Mean age, years (SD)a
|
45 (3)
|
45 (3)
|
45 (3)
|
0
|
0
|
|
Male sex (%)b
|
37%
|
32%
|
40%
|
−0.15
|
0.08
|
|
Baseline HbA1c
|
8.29
|
8.31
|
8.41
|
−0.02
|
0.07
|
|
Comorbidities, N (%)
|
|
Anemia
|
55(15%)
|
29 (11%)
|
232 (11%)
|
−0.11
|
−0.11
|
|
Angina
|
59 (16%)
|
28 (11%)
|
227 (11%)
|
−0.15
|
− 0.15
|
|
Anxiety
|
35 (10%)
|
39 (15%)
|
375 (17%)
|
0.15
|
0.21
|
|
Asthma
|
73 (20%)
|
48 (19%)
|
388 (18%)
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−0.03
|
− 0.05
|
|
CAD
|
121 (34%)
|
60 (24%)
|
544 (25%)
|
−0.22
|
−0.20
|
|
CHF
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49 (14%)
|
28 (11%)
|
251 (12%)
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−1.46
|
−0.16
|
|
CKD
|
103 (29%)
|
56 (22%)
|
360 (17%)
|
−0.28
|
−0.52
|
|
COPD
|
56 (16%)
|
48 (19%)
|
393 (18%)
|
0.08
|
0.05
|
|
Cardiomyopathy
|
19 (5%)
|
9 (4%)
|
88 (4%)
|
−0.25
|
−0.25
|
|
Other CTD
|
21 (6%)
|
12 (5%)
|
67 (3%)
|
0.20
|
0.71
|
|
Depression
|
71 (20%)
|
65 (26%)
|
503 (23%)
|
0.26
|
0.14
|
|
DM retinopathy
|
64 (18%)
|
42 (17%)
|
29 (1%)
|
−0.06
|
−1.37
|
|
Hypertension
|
316 (88%)
|
217 (85%)
|
1807 (84%)
|
−0.03
|
−0.05
|
|
Hypothyroidism
|
112 (31%)
|
88 (35%)
|
671 (31%)
|
0.12
|
0.00
|
|
Dyslipidemia
|
312 (86%)
|
225 (89%)
|
1825 (85%)
|
0.03
|
−0.01
|
|
Inflammatory bowel disease
|
9 (2%)
|
12 (5%)
|
44 (2%)
|
0.90
|
0.00
|
|
Liver disease
|
88 (24%)
|
64 (25%)
|
408 (19%)
|
0.04
|
−0.24
|
|
Myocardial infarction
|
23 (6%)
|
8 (3%)
|
36 (2%)
|
−0.71
|
−1.00
|
|
Obesity
|
98 (27%)
|
72 (28%)
|
629 (29%)
|
0.04
|
0.07
|
|
Psoriasis
|
43 (12%)
|
81 (32%)
|
154 (7%)
|
0.84
|
−0.54
|
|
Baseline diabetes medications, N (%)
|
316 (88%)
|
232 (91%)
|
2144 (100%)
|
0.03
|
0.13
|
|
Baseline MTX, N (%)
|
–
|
128 (50%)
|
274 (13%)
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|
Baseline TNFi, N (%)
|
36 (10%)
|
84 (33%)
|
214 (10%)
|
0.96
|
0.00
|
|
Baseline Steroidsc, N (%)
|
152 (42%)
|
100 (39%)
|
394 (18%)
|
−0.07
|
−0.75
|
|
Average baseline glucocorticoid dose, mean (SD)
|
6 (7)
|
6 (6)
|
5(7)
|
0
|
0.14
|
|
Duration btwn baseline and f/up HbA1c, mean # of days (SD)
|
241 (83)
|
237 (84)
|
201 (79)
|
0.05
|
−0.49
|
|
Duration btwn med start date and f/up HbA1c, mean # of days (SD)
|
173 (66)
|
166 (65)
|
168(66)
|
−0.11
|
−0.08
|
- N number of observations
- TNFi, MTX, and metformin groups are not mutually exclusive
- aIn the metformin group, one observation is missing for age
- bIn the metformin group, two unknown observations for sex were changed to missing
- cSix-month baseline period
- Abbreviations: CAD Coronary artery disease, CKD Chronic kidney disease, CTD Connective tissue disease (ICD9 code 710.9, not inclusive of SLE, sicca, or scleroderma), COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CHF Congestive heart failure, DM Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, MTX Methotrexate, SMD Standardized mean difference, TNFi Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
